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How to arrange international transportation for lithium batt
source：http://www.jtia56.cn time：2023-10-10 21:27:17
Need to know about importing lithium batteries
Classification of lithium batteries
The first type is lithium batteries transported separately. Lithium batteries, as a type of battery consisting of lithium metal or lithium alloy as positive/negative electrode materials and using non aqueous electrolyte solutions, can be divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Lithium metal batteries contain metallic lithium and are usually non rechargeable, while lithium-ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and can be recharged. When transported separately, their corresponding UN numbers are 3090 and 3480.
The second type is lithium batteries transported with the equipment. In actual trade transportation, lithium batteries are often transported together with equipment, mainly in two situations. One type is that the battery is installed in the device, and the other type is that the battery is packaged together with the device. Regardless of the above situation, the corresponding UN numbers are 3091 and 3481 depending on whether there is lithium in a metallic state.
The third category is devices or vehicles powered by lithium batteries. In recent years, various types of new energy vehicles powered by lithium batteries have emerged one after another, including bicycles, cars, balance vehicles, and so on. The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Regulations have assigned UN number 3171 to this type of product.
Relevant legal and regulatory basis
The main basis for the inspection and supervision of lithium batteries and their lithium battery products is the United Nations' Model Regulations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, the United Nations' Manual of Tests and Standards on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, and the International Maritime Organization's International Maritime Dangerous Goods Transport Rules The International Civil Aviation Organization's Technical Regulations for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air and the Inspection Regulations for Export Dangerous Goods Packaging (SN/T0370.1-2009) (SN/T0370.2-2009) (SN/T0370.3-2012), among others.
For example, the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Transport Regulations require that exported lithium batteries must pass the UN38.3 test and provide a summary of the test. Each battery and battery pack should be equipped with a safety exhaust device. In the event of an ordinary accident, it should have a design to prevent stress damage; Each battery and battery pack should be equipped with effective devices to prevent external short circuits; Each battery pack containing multiple parallel batteries or battery series must be equipped with effective devices (such as diodes, fuses, etc.) to prevent danger caused by reverse current; Manufacturers of batteries and battery packs must establish a good quality management system, and so on.
Packaging Requirements for Export Lithium Batteries and Lithium Battery Equipment
The following requirements are mentioned in the packaging guideline P903 of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code "List of Dangerous Goods". It is classified according to different product categories, and this guideline applies to relevant goods under UN309030913480 and 3481.
1. Batteries or battery packs packaged in containers should be protected against damage caused by movement or changes in position within the container. The container must meet the performance indicators of Class II packaging. For batteries or battery packs with a total weight of 12 kilograms or more, which use sturdy and collision resistant shells, as well as collections of such batteries or battery packs, sturdy outer packaging, protective covers, pallets, or other handling equipment are also required. Similarly, this type of battery or battery pack should also be fixed and not accidentally moved, and the electrodes should not bear the weight of other stacked items.
2. Batteries or battery packs packaged with equipment must meet the performance indicators of Class II packaging in their containers, and the equipment must be fixed and not moved inside the outer container. The battery or battery pack must also be completely wrapped.
3. Batteries or battery packs installed in equipment should have measures to prevent accidental start-up during transportation, in addition to meeting the previous requirements. At the same time, it is also necessary to prevent short circuits in the battery or battery pack.
When the package contains a combination of lithium batteries in the device and lithium batteries packaged with the device, the packaging should be marked with "Lithium metal battery UN3091 or lithium ion UN3481 placed with the device". If a packaging contains both lithium-ion batteries and lithium-metal batteries, the packaging should be labeled according to the requirements of both battery types.
In addition to several key points in the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) Packaging Guidelines P903, there are also several key inspection and supervision points that need to be paid attention to:
Firstly, whether it is a lithium-ion battery pack, or a lithium-ion battery pack installed in or packaged with the device, the watt-hour ratio must be indicated on the outside of the container.
Secondly, lithium battery products are not suitable for limited quantity packaging, nor are they suitable for exempted quantity packaging.
Thirdly, the package must be labeled or labeled with a lithium battery specific label. Lithium batteries or lithium battery pack components that comply with Article 188 shall be marked with "rectangular markings". Other lithium batteries or lithium battery pack components use Class 9 dangerous goods "diamond shaped markings". However, it is not ruled out that some countries and regions require both signs to be posted simultaneously, as long as the enterprise provides a situation explanation.
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